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Entry‑level positions start around $90,000–$120,000. Mid‑level roles range $120,000–$160,000. Senior experts earn $160,000–$220,000, while Lead or Principal positions can reach $220,000–$300,000.

Proficiency in Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Hugging Face Transformers is essential. Cloud AI expertise with AWS SageMaker, GCP Vertex AI, or Azure Machine Learning is highly sought. Certifications such as AWS Certified Machine Learning – Specialty, Google Cloud Professional Machine Learning Engineer, and Microsoft Certified: Azure AI Engineer Associate give a competitive edge.

Yes—over 70% of listings offer fully remote or hybrid arrangements, especially for research and engineering positions. Many employers provide flexible schedules and advanced collaboration tools to support distributed teams.

Typical trajectories move from Junior ML Engineer → Senior ML Engineer → Lead Data Scientist → Principal AI Researcher → VP of AI. Each step involves deeper research responsibilities, larger project ownership, and strategic influence over product direction.

Key trends include reinforcement learning for autonomous decision systems, large‑language‑model scaling, edge AI deployment, federated learning for privacy, and a growing focus on AI ethics and explainability. Companies are investing heavily in LLM‑based APIs and real‑time inference on edge devices.